Meiji essays

Meiji articles The Meiji government during the 1880's made both an institutional and constitution structure that permitted Japan in the coming a long time to be a stabile and industrializing nation. Two significant approaches and techniques that strengthened steadiness and monetary modernization in Japan were the formation of a national open instruction framework and the approval of the Meiji constitution. Both these helped in dependability and in this way monetary development. The formation of national instruction framework supported in making soundness since it taught youth in the thoughts of devotion, energy, and dutifulness. Japan's training framework from the start pushed free idea and the thoughts of person's investigation of information be that as it may, by 1890 the training arrangement of Japan turned into a device for teaching into what Peter Duus calls a sort of common religion with the Imperial Rescript on Education. This Rescript focused on two things. To begin with, it focused on reliability to the ruler and to a lesser surviving to the state. In each study hall an image of the ruler was set. Second, the training framework focused on selflessness to the state and family. Dutiful devotion was educated in schools and applied not just to the family yet additionally to the national family which included father, instructor, authority and business. The Japanese instruction framework additionally made an arrangement of specialized schools and colleges both open and private that informed a developing class of Japanese on step by step instructions to utilize new western hardware, administrate government and run private enterprises. The Japanese training framework following the Rescript on Education served principally to show individuals what to think what's more, not how to think; and as Edwin Reischauer expressed, Japan spearheaded in the advanced authoritarian method of utilizing the instructive framework for inculcation and was in reality decades in front of nations like Germany in consummating these methods. J... <!

Life Without Plastics free essay sample

The item, webcam 7 (in entire or to some degree, including all records, information, and documentation, from here on alluded to as Software) is  © Copyright 2012 Moonware Studios, all rights saved, and is secured by Switzerland copyright laws, worldwide arrangements and all other pertinent national or universal laws. The sole proprietor of this item is Moonware Studios. Permit Agreement. Title, possession rights, and licensed innovation rights in and to the substance got to through the Software is the property of the material substance proprietor and might be ensured by pertinent copyright or other law. This License gives you no rights to such substance. The Software is given on an AS IS premise, without guarantee of any sort, including without constraint the guarantees of merchantability, readiness for a specific reason and non-encroachment. The whole hazard with respect to the quality and execution of the Software is borne by you. This disclaimer of guarantee establishes a fundamental piece of the understanding. We will compose a custom article test on An existence Without Plastics or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page  Either gathering may end this Agreement quickly in case of default by the other party. Upon any end of this Agreement, you will quickly stop the utilization of the Software and will inside ten (10) days uninstall the product and erase all duplicates of the Software and Documentation. You may likewise end this Agreement whenever by obliterating the Software and Documentation and all duplicates thereof. Your commitments to pay collected charges and expenses will endure any end of this Agreement. This Agreement speaks to the total and select explanation of the understandings concerning this permit between the gatherings and overrides every single earlier understanding and portrayals between them. It might be corrected uniquely by a composing executed by the two gatherings. Headings will not be considered in deciphering this Agreement. This Agreement will be represented by and understood under Switzerland law. This Agreement won't be administered by the United Nations Convention of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the utilization of which is thus explicitly prohibited. Limitations You may not utilize, duplicate, adjust, decipher, or move the item or any duplicate aside from as explicitly characterized in this understanding. You may not endeavor to open or sidestep any duplicate assurance or validation calculation used by this item.

Working With Children NSW for Skills and Qualities - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theWorking With Children NSW for Skills and Qualities. Answer: The setting of my paper, is working with kids. I will investigate my comprehension and information on shielding and basically examine insurance significance in the respect of working with youngsters. I will evaluate the effect the action on network commitment has had on my profession way. I will allude to youngsters and powerless individuals, for example, the incapacitated, to clarify the issues and disarray that may happen. In the first place, who is a helpless individual? A powerless individual is an individual who is multi year or more, and needing network care benefits because of realities of being mental incapacitate, age or ailment, who can't ensure oneself against damage and who can't deal with himself (Wbsb.co.uk, 2017). Working with kids and helpless people, I understood that there are common fundamental belief abilities that one needs to presents (Yor-ok.org.uk, 2017).First, powerful correspondence is the basic aptitude in these field of work. Great and viable correspondence is the way to working with youngsters and helpless individual. It's great correspondence that I can fabricate trust among them and me, and urge them to utilize administrations gave. I understood that correspondence isn't just about the talking yet it includes the non-verbal communication that I use. It is basic to show compassion and earnestness and hear them out. To have the option to assemble a decent connection with the youngsters, I must be aware, legitimate and understanding; this is on the grounds that when the relationship is consistent individuals will in general become drawn in, and there is an enhancement for their lives also. Also, tuning in and building sympathy is a fundamental aptitude. I needed to hear serenely w ithout being critical (Harskuti, 2017). I needed to listen acutely and recognize what had been said. In conclusion, one needs to presents interview and exchange abilities. From the earliest starting point of the procedure, I needed to counsel the vocations about them. I needed to include the youngsters in communicating what fulfills them. I needed to enable them to portray what they are encountering and courses of activities (Yor-ok.org.uk, 2017). Working with kids represents a few difficulties like some other work. Initial, an association that works with youngsters faces a huge staff turnover: numerous social specialists experience burnout and may select to change employment or vocation way (Work.chron.com, 2017). Besides, the primary purpose behind high staff turnover is burnout. Filling in as a social laborer can be genuinely depleting and sincerely depleting too soon (Years Careers, 2017). Through the commitment, I understood that I have to have a high resistance for dissatisfactions. This is on the grounds that I worked in cases that included kid misuse, youngster disregard or kid security. In conclusion, individual security of the laborer can be at risk.in some situation; I was called to intercede a circumstance that included an irate parent. Since the parent has no place to guide their displeasure to, due to encountering enthusiastic strife, the brutality was routed to me. As a social specialist, one needs to figure out how to how to viably speak with the customer and evaluate if the situation represents a danger to your wellbeing (Work.chron.com, 2017). Working With Children Check NSW Organization The association works easily to improve the insurance of kids in NSW, through helping people get an away from of the significance and favorable circumstances of securing the wellbeing of kids (Kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au, 2017). Organization SWOT investigation Quality The association has been conceded position to aggrieve individuals who neglect to meet the prerequisite s of youngster assurance instantly. The organization can execute laws that empower improvement of youngster insurance. They have the authorization to get youngsters out of hazardous condition without warrants (Pinterest, 2017). The organization gets subsidize arrangement from the legislature. Shortcoming The kids court neglected to guarantee that case managers are following the arrangement in a correct way (Pinterest, 2017. The quantity of cases worn has been key used to pass judgment on execution of the association. Oversight specialists are not ready to guarantee there are straightforwardness and consistence. The administration neglected to fathom the long effect that the youngsters expelled from homes powerfully will in general have, or those compelled to be received. Openings The organization profits by the data gave by the association that isn't subsidized by the administration. Lazy expanding cost of the office present a chance to them, this is a result of unprofitable approach. The organization has figured out how to make a protected spot for kids at home. Danger Numerous kids expelled from guardians who are fit for dealing with them are harmed. Creation a further age that keeps up the soul of youngster misuse represents a danger to the organization. Motivation appropriation push by well known and powerful people who can't imagine is a danger. Youngster obligation is given to NGO who are the basic course of their past maltreatment because of benefit. The NGO are liable for guaranteeing the subsidizing for the youngsters is on long haul which overrides the family first right (Pinterest, 2017). Monetary Sustainability The current type of late volunteer requests, subsidizing structure government levels, and cost of preparing units, I can say that the working youngster check NSW isn't monetarily reasonable. The apportion of a volunteer to representative check is higher than anticipated while volunteer check to date has expanded to multiple times more than the gauge. There has been a noteworthy program deficit.it can be connected to the administration financing being made to cover the representative volunteer check since no expense is forced for these checks, check given to the worker is sufficient to cook handling cost (Kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au, 2017). End Being a loner, deciding to chip in was a thing that acquired a ton of inquiry mind with regards to whether to do it or not. Being a piece of the network commitment has presented me to various individuals who are experiencing the different circumstances. The action has made me generally to acknowledge and be content with what I have since others wish they could have it as well, yet they dont. The movement caused me to acknowledge more the network laborers for their endeavors. I think of them as legend and courageous women, since the sort of work that they are engaged with isn't a stroll in the way, yet sparing lives. Today, I can gladly say, that the experience has caused me to feel a greater amount of complete than previously. I have had the option to obtain a great deal of aptitudes and honed on a portion of my capacities. A portion of the aptitudes learned are viable correspondence, acceptable audience, and circumstance investigator. The movement has brought me out of my customary range of familiarity. I will keep being a piece of network commitment movement from now hereafter. References Early Years Careers. (2017). 10 greatest difficulties you face working in childcare - Early Years Careers.[online]Availableat:https://www.earlyyearscareers.com/eyc/early-years-the executives/10-greatest difficulties you-face-working-in-childcare/[Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Harskuti, K. (2017). Need to Work With Children: 5 Skills and Qualities You Should Be Working On.[online]SocialWorkHelper.Available at: https://www.socialworkhelper.com/2014/01/30/need work-kids 5-aptitudes characteristics working/[Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au. (2017). What our identity is - NSW Office of the Children's Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au. (2017). Refer to a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.kidsguardian.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/316/WWCC_EvaluationReport.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Online.det.nsw.edu.au. (2017). Arrangement Library moved | Change informing. [online] Available at: https://online.det.nsw.edu.au/ecmjsp/divert/?ref=https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/approaches/student_serv/child_protection/work_child/Working-with-Children-Check-Appendix-8-CRIMTRAC-Form.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Pinterest. (2017). Kid security. [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/290411875944354292/[Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Service.nsw.gov.au. (2017). Check a Working With Children Check status. [online] Available at: https://www.service.nsw.gov.au/exchange/registration youngsters registration [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Wbsb.co.uk. (2017). Who is a Vulnerable Adult?. [online] Available at: https://www.wbsb.co.uk/4482 [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Work.chron.com. (2017). Difficulties You Face as a DCF Social Worker. [online] Available at: https://work.chron.com/challenges-face-dcf-social-specialist 11595.html [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017]. Yor-ok.org.uk. (2017). Refer to a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.yor-ok.org.uk/YorOK-Workforce/Common%20core%20of%20skills%20and%20knowledge%20for%20the%20childrens%20workforce.pdf [Accessed 16 Nov. 2017].

The Avant-garde Architecture O :: essays research papers

The Chinese-American planner Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M) is known as perhaps the best draftsman of the Twentieth Century. His long, splendid vocation was featured by a few universally well known structures. While a large number of Pei’s structures were commonly acknowledged by the general population, some of them encouraged considerable measures of debate. The most eminent of these disputable structures is his Glass Pyramid at the passageway of the Louver in Paris. Hence, I.M. Pei is by all accounts an engineer who displays enthusiasm for the cutting edge through both the inventive plan and aestheticism of his design. Pei was conceived in China in 1917 and moved to the United States in 1935. He initially went to the University of Pennsylvania yet developed unconfident in his drawing abilities so he dropped out and sought after designing at MIT. After Pei chose to come back to engineering, he earned degrees from both MIT and Harvard. In 1956, after he had instructed at Harvard for a long time, he set up I.M. Pei and Partners, a structural firm that has been known as Pei Cobb Freed and Partners since 1989. This firm is popular for its fruitful and balanced answers for an assortment of plan issues. They are liable for a significant number of the biggest pubic and private development extends in the second 50% of this century. A portion of these ventures incorporate the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library in Boston, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. At the point when French President Francois Mitterand â€Å"personally chose Mr. Pei in 1983 to plan the Grand Louver to give air, space, and light to one of the world’s most blocked museums,† (Markham, 1989) there were numerous pundits. The press â€Å"lambasted breaking the congruity of the Louvre’s patio with a glass iceberg† (Markham, 1989). Be that as it may, Pei continued as arranged, facing a significant challenge in making a glass pyramid structure at the passage. He didn't concentrate on what the pundits would state about his arrangements, yet trusted that the world would see, upon finish, that his vision of a contemporary, useful passageway would not conflict with the Baroque style of the Louver itself. At the point when the pyramid was finished in 1989, Pei’s articulation of cutting edge craftsmanship was not so much acknowledged. Numerous pundits lauded the yearning with which the planner structured it, yet scorned numerous parts of its usefulness: â€Å"The useful issue is that the Pyramid, when you get inside, is loud, hot, and disorienting† (Campbell, 1989).

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister

Financial Analysis Of UBS AG Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

UBS AG is a diversified global financial services company, having its main headquarters at Basel and Zurich, Switzerland. In June 1998, Union Bank of Switzerland and Swiss Bank Corporation (SBC) completed the merger announced six months previously. Just two years later, UBS acquired the US brokerage firm Paine Webber, greatly increasing the size and scope of its business. Then the new firm set the seal on these achievements by proclaiming a single brand. In this light, UBS is both a new institution and new brand. In the picturesque Swiss region of Valposchiavo, for example, one UBS branch traces its origins as far back as 1747. The core components of todays UBS date back to the second half of the nineteenth century. At the same time, its history extends many generations into the past, particularly in Switzerland, the US and the UK. UBS is ranked second worlds largest asset manager of private wealth, and is the second-largest bank in Europe, in both market capitalisation and profitability. With its major presence in United States UBS has its headquarters located in New York City; Weehawken, Private Wealth Management in New Jersey; and Stamford, Connecticut for Capital markets, UBSs has its retail offices throughout the U.S., and has its presence in more than 50 countries (www.ubs.com). UBS was force to turn to the Government of Singapore for fresh funding after incurring a huge loss in 2007. After funding, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation became the largest shareholder of UBS in 2007. UBS managers pledged to return bonuses after a dramatic loss in November 2008. New financial aid was expected from Swiss government after the UBS shareholders voted to restore the shaken trust in UBS (www.ubs.com). Credit Suisse found a new cross-town rival in the form of UBS which has evolved on a similar path. Both of them originated from Switzerland indulging in commercial and retail banking who purchased major investment banks in United States and both are being investigated by U.S. authorities currently for helping 17,000 American citizens to avoid taxes. Based on the order by the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority (FINMA), UBS on 18th February 2009, immediately has agreed to provide the identities of and account information of about 250 American clients to United States and also agreed to pay US$ 780 million in the form of compensation and fines (www.ubs.com). Company Finance function: https://chart.finance.yahoo.com/c/1y/u/ubs Source: https://chart.finance.yahoo.com/c/1y/u/ubs Modern companies need to raise finance from the capital market in order to invest in the real and intangible assets they need to earn profits. Their first priority is to ensure that they can source finance for both their short run and their long run needs in the most economical way possible. Corporate investment is by its nature risky and often capital intensive (Ryan, 2007). In order to justify the use of other peoples money a firm needs to ensure that the investment decisions it makes, taking into account its cost of capital, lead to an overall increase in the value of the firm and hence its investors wealth. Alongside the problem of sourcing finance at the cheapest cost, the firm has to make sure that all the investment decisions it undertakes are value adding. If they are not the firm will not be able to justify its existence for very long and will find itself out of business (Ryan, 2007). The ability to trade the financial claims of business ventures has been known about and practised for centuries. In the modern era the standardization of financial claims into homogenous trading units has transformed the way markets operate. Until the 1930s companies, for example, borrowed money from banks but following the Wall Street Crash in the United States there was a sudden loss of confidence in the banking sector. As a result, companies started to practise what governments had been doing for some time and sidestepped the banks going directly to lenders and offering them securitized debt in the form of bonds (Ryan, 2007). Although modern financial intermediaries are marvel of efficiency, the role of traditional intermediaries such as banks as providers of debt capital to corporations has declined for decades. Instead, nonfinancial corporations have increasingly turned to capital markets for external financing, principally because the rapidly declining cost of information processing makes it much easier for large number of investors to obtain and evaluate financial data for thousands of potential corporate borrowers and issuers of common and preferred stock equity (Megginson and Smart, 2006). The Five Basic Corporate Finance functions: Although corporate finance is defined generally as the activities involved in managing cash flows (money) in a business environment, a more complete definition would emphasize that the practice of corporate finance involves five basic functions: Raising capital to support companies operations and investment programs (the external financing function); Selecting the best projects in which to invest firms resources, based on each projects perceived risk and expected return (the capital budgeting function); Managing firms internal cash flows, its working capital, and its mix of debt and equity financing, both to maximize the value of firms debt and equity claims and to ensure that companies can pay off its obligations when due (the financial management function); Developing company-wide ownership and corporate governance structures that force managers to behave ethically and make decisions that benefit shareholders (the corporate governance function); and Managing firms exposures to all types of risk, both insurable and uninsurable, to maintain and optimal risk-return trade-off and therefore maximize shareholder value (the risk-management function). (Source: Megginson and Smart, 2006) UBS External financing: When corporations are young and small, they usually must raise equity capital privately, either from friends and family, or from professional investors such as venture capitalists. These professionals specialize in making high-risk/high-return investments in rapidly growing entrepreneurial businesses. Once firms reach a certain size, they may decide to go public by conducting an initial public offering (IPO) of stock-selling shares to outside investors and listing the shares for trading on a stock exchange. After IPOs, companies have the option of raising cash by selling additional stock in the future (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Capital Budgeting The capital budgeting function represents firms financial managers single most important activity, for two reasons. First, managers evaluate very large investments in the capital budgeting process. Second, companies can prosper in a competitive economy only be seeking out the most promising new products, processes, and services to deliver to customers. Companies such as Intel, General Electric, Shell, Samsung, and Toyota regularly make huge capital outlays. The capital budgeting process breaks down into three steps: Identifying potential investments; Analysing the set of investment opportunities and identifying those that create shareholder value; and Implementing and monitoring the investments (Source: Megginson and Smart, 2006) Risk Management Historically, risk management has identified the unpredictable act of nature risks (fire, flood, collision, and other property damage) to which firms was exposed and has used insurance products or self-insurance to manage those exposures. Todays risk-management function identifies, measures, and manages many more types of risk exposures, including predictable business risks. These exposures include losses that could result from adverse interest rate movements, commodity price changes, and currency value fluctuations. The techniques for managing such risks are among the most sophisticated of all corporate finance practices. The risk-management task attempts to quantify the sources and magnitudes of firms risk exposure and to decide whether to simply accept these risks or to manage them (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Corporate Governance Recent corporate scandals-such as financial collapses at Enron, Arthur Andersen, WorldCom, and Parmalat-clearly show that establishing good corporate governance systems is paramount. Governance systems determine who benefits most from company activities; then they establish procedures to maximize firm value and to ensure that employees act ethically and responsibly. Good management does not develop in a vacuum. It results from corporate governance systems that hires and promotes qualified, honest people, and that motivate employees to achieve company goals through salary and other incentives (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Developing corporate governance systems present quite a challenge in practice because conflicts inevitably arise among stockholders, managers, and other stakeholders interests. But rarely is it in the interest of any individual stockholder to spend the time and money needed to ensure that managers act appropriately. If individual stockholders conducted this type of oversight, they would personally bear all the costs of monitoring management, but would share the benefits with all other shareholders. This is a classic example of the collective action problem that arises in most relationship between stockholders and managers (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Bankruptcy and Corporate Financing Patterns The more debt a firm uses in its capital structure, the less likely the firm will be able to meet its debt service obligations, and the more likely default will occur (Benning and Sarig, p.347). It is this default likelihood that introduces bankruptcy costs into capital structure. As argued by Van Horne (p.268), the presence of bankruptcy costs is an important source of imperfection in the markets for corporate funds. Under imperfect conditions, there are the administrative costs of bankruptcy, and assets may have to be liquidated at less than their economic values (Bekter, p. 56). It is also this tendency that Myers (p.218) describes as the direct cost of bankruptcy. The implication of the presence of bankruptcy cost in financial leverage is manifested more by the fact that debt-financing generates risks. Not only that, but it has been argued that for instance that every financing decision comes with some risk implications on the value of the firm (Glen and Pinto, 1994). In U.S history the largest bankruptcy was finally coming to an end. On April 20, 2004, MCI, Inc. Emerged with an announcement that it had begun distributing securities and cash to its creditors according to a court-approved reorganization plan. MCIs chief executive officer, Michael Capellas, heralded a new beginning for his company, which had filed for bankruptcy court protection twenty-one months earlier-when the company was called WorldCom-after disclosing and $11 billion accounting fraud. At the time of its Chapter 11 filing, WorldCom had assets totalling nearly $104 billion and debts of $32 billion (Megginson and Smart, 2006). WorldCom shocked the business world when the company announced in June 2002 that it had fraudulently overstated $3.9 billion of expenses as capital expenditures, which had allowed it to book higher profits during the telecom boom years of 1998-2001. WorldCom chief financial officer Scott Sullivan was fired the day the accounting fraud was disclosed, and his exit followed that of founder and long-time CEO, BernineEbbers, who had been forced out in April 2002. Over the next two years, more than $7 billion in additional accounting errors and frauds were uncovered,, bringing the total misstatements to $11 billion, and in a March 2004 restatement of its 2001 and 2002 financial results, the company wrote off over $74 billion in previously booked profits and goodwill (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Corporate Control Transactions Changes in corporate control occur through several mechanisms, most notably via acquisitions. An acquisition is the purchase of additional resources by a business enterprise. These resources may come from the purchase of new assets, the purchase of some of the assets of another company, or the purchase of another whole business entity, which is known as a merger. Merger is itself a general term applied to a transaction in which two or more business organizations combine into a single entity. Oftentimes, however, the term merger s reserved for a transaction in which one corporation takes over another upon the approval of both companies boards of directors and shareholders after a friendly and mutually agreeable set of terms and conditions and a price are negotiated (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Statuary Merger A statutory merger is a form of target integration in which the acquirer can absorb the targets resources directly with no remaining trace of the target as a separate entity. Many intrastate bank mergers are of this form. Subsidiary Merger Conversely, an acquirer may wish to maintain the identity of the target as either a separate subsidiary or division. A subsidiary merger is often the integration vehicle when there is brand value in the name of the target, such as the case of PepsiCos merger with Pizza Hut in 1997. Sometimes, separate tracking or target shares are issued in the subsidiarys name. Sometimes, these shares are issued as new common shares in exchange for the targets common shares, as occurred when General Motors issued new Class E and Class H shares to acquire, respectively, Electronic Data Systems and Hughes Electronics during the 1980s. Alternatively, a new class of preferred stock may be issued by the bidding firm to replace the common shares of the target as well (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Consolidation Consolidation is another integrative form used to effect a merger of two publicly traded companies. Under this form, both the acquirer and target disappear as separate corporations and combine to form an entirely new corporation with new common stock (Megginson and Smart, 2006). Dealing with the Crisis The merger of the Union Bank of Switzerland and the Swiss Bank Corporation in June 1998 resulted in UBS evolution. The new company was named originally as Union Bank of Switzerland, but officials chose to call it as UBS as the name was clashing with United Bank Switzerland a subsidiary part of the United Bank Limited, Switzerland. United Bank of Switzerland is no longer known for its name as it made its brand name UBS like 3M. The carried over logo from SBC, which stands for confidence, security and discretion has remained with UBS. With its acquisitions of Dillon Read in New York and S. G. Warburg in London, SBC had investment banking business all over the world before the merger. Due to the Long-Term Capital Management crisis, in October 1998, the first chairman of the merged bank resigned which affected the Union Bank of Switzerland. After the acquisition of Paine Webber Group Inc. by UBS in 2000, it became the largest private clients wealth management company in the world. A CHF 3.265 trillion assets was invested in wealth management businesses, including the U.S. As the company began to operate as one large firm, all the business group of UBS were rebranded under the UNBS name on the 9th June 2003. All major companies bought by Union Bank of Switzerland like UBS Paine Webber, UBSWarburg, UBS Asset Management and others were just called UBS. With the retirement of the Paine Webber brand UBS took a US$1 billion write-down for the loss of good will associated with as a result of the rebranding. www.ubs.com In a report released on 01st April 2008, 15 billion Swiss francs (US$15.1 billion) in a new capital was seeked by Swiss bank UBS AG as it expected to post net losses of 12 billion Swiss francs (US$12.1 billion) for the first quarter of 2008. Around 19 billion dollars on U.S. real estate and related credit positions were expected to write-down as UBS was hit by U.S. Subprime mortgage crisis and losses. Fitch Ratings and Standard Poors, and Moody are cut down the long term credit rating of UBS in April 2008 to AA and Aa1 respectively. A new capital of CHF 6 billion through mandatory convertible notes was announced by UBS which they had on the 16th October 2008, and was place with Swiss Confederation. Transfer agreement of approximately USD 60 billion currently illiquid securities and various assets from UBS to a separate fund entity were made between the Swiss National Bank (SNB) and UBS (www.ubs.com). The third quarter Group net profit was announced by UBS on 4th November which was in line with their 16th October pre announcement, CHF 296 million standing with net profit attributable to UBS shareholders. A further CHF 4.8 billion of write-downs and losses on risk positions affected that quarter in gain on tax credit of over CHF 900 million and own credit of CHF 2.2 million. In an announcement made on the 12th November 2008, UBS said that from 2009 there will be no more than one-third of any cash bonus paid out in year it is earned with the rest held in reserve. Top executives will have to hold 75% of any vested shares; incentives would also vest after three years on shares with share bonus accounts subject to malus charges. US$6 billion of equity was put into the new bad bank entity by UBS in November 2008; a benefit option was kept only if the value of its assets were to recover. UBS structure guaranteed clarity for UBS investors by making an outright sale, which was indicated as a neat package by the New York Times (www.ubs.com). The head of the Swiss National Bank (SNB) and Chairman Jean-Pierre Roth on Friday the 30th January 2009was quoted on Reuters as saying that the two best capitalised banks in the world are UBS and Credit Suisse. In an announcement made on the 09th February 2009 by UBS, said that it lost nearly 20 billion Swiss francs (US$17.2 billion) in 2008, which is the single-year biggest loss in the history of Switzerland. The commitment to each of the UBS business divisions and strategy were confirmed by UBS Board of Directors and the Group Executive Board on the 10th February 2009. Investigations relating to UBS U.S. cross-border business are getting resolved by entering into a deferred prosecution agreement with the US Department of Justice and a Consent Order with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. US$380 million represents disgorgement of profits from its cross-border business out of US$780 million which UBS agreed to pay. And the remaining represents the tax amount of United States which UBS failed to withhold to the accounts. The interest, penalties and restitution for unpaid taxes are included in the figures. UBS also entered into an agreement with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of the deal in which it agreed to the charges of having acted as an unregistered broker-dealer and investment adviser for Americans (www.ubs.com). Initiative taken CHF 20.9 billion (US$ 18 billion) loss was posted by UBS AG on the 11th march 2009 which was stated in their revised FY 2008 report. It was said that UBS was extremely cautious about the outlook of 2009. UBS announced in its Annual General Meeting held on 15th April 2009, it has plans of cutting 8,700 jobs in its return to profitability.UBS had to make about US$50 billion in write-downs and announce of 11,000 job cuts since 2007 due to the global financial crisis. UBS agreed to sell its Brazilian financial service business, UBS Pactual, to BTG Investments for approximately USD 2.5 billion in a statement made on the April 21st 2009.UBS was aiming to reduce its risk profile and to become more profitable by the sale of the Brazilian business. U.S. federal grand jury charges were made on private banker Raoul Weil for which UBS formally cut all its ties on the 1st May 2009. Raoul had been suspended in November 2008 after he was indicated in correlation to the tax evasion affair. A first q uarter net loss of two billion Swiss francs (USD1.75 billion) was confirmed by UBS on May 20th 2009 which was less than initially expected. UBS restated its 2008 annual report on the May 20th 2009. A further reduction in the net profit was announced by the bank of CHF 450 million, and CHF 269 million in reduction of equity and equity attributable to UBS shareholders (www.ubs.com). UBS strengthened its capital base by placing 293.3 million shares from existing authorized capital by taking the advantage of current market conditions. A small number of large institutional investors were placed with the shares. In the view of the regulators it was consistent that this capital raising aims at strengthening confidence in UBS and the Swiss financial centre which is claimed by UBS. The second quarter loss of CHF 1.4 billion (US$1.32 billion) was reported on the 4th August 2009. The Swiss government made a statement of selling its CHF 6 billion stake in UBS on the 20th August 2009, making significant profit; the mandatory convertible notes of 332.2 million which it had purchased in 2008 to help UBS clear its balance sheets of toxic assets (www.ubs.com).

Transgender - 1370 Words

Transgender/Transsexual Olivia Warehime Tarleton State University ABSTRACT A transgender is someone that believes that their gender does not match their anatomy that they were born with. Transgender believes that they’re in someone else’s body. For example someone that was born a male believes he’s a female and vice versa. Keyword: heterosexism, LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Prevention Why are people transgender? ACN, S. (2011, February 27). Health experts believe that being transgender is caused by many different things, but do not know exactly how a person becomes transgender. Then expects believe it’s a functions. Being transgender is not supply a matter of choice. Understanding what it means to be transgender†¦show more content†¦All of a sudden stop in the hormone intake and produce high rates of depression and emotional mood swings and occasionally suicidal feelings. When being transgender the main cause of depression is social predicament or social accepetence. essentially people expect one another to be and act like a boy or girl. Transgender adults or teens are much more likely to have suicidal thoiughts, they in not finding a partner, not fitting in with the gender they are. The best way to deal woith the depression of being transgender is to surround yourself with people who accent people being different. Transgender face all types of discrimination in nearly every aspect of their lives. Transgender are the target of rules crimes. They are victims or subtle discrimination, which is everything from rude glances on glares to disprovable invasive questions about their body. Transgender are not allowed to join the military and also face discrimination an ones work. Twenty to fifty percent of transgender said they face employment decimation, including being fired, denied a promotion or a job in general or even being harassed. Lawsuits claiming discrimination based on ones gender identity can be costly to the employer and there reputation. Transgender are harassed and discriminated at schools as well as work places. Reports show that while in grade k-12 78% of alarming harassment rates, 35% of physical assault and 12% of sexual violence. TransgenderShow MoreRelatedTransgender Prisoners And Transgender Inmates Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesAmongst the inmates mistreated, transgender prisoners are challenged in many ways with abuse, misconduct, and discrimination. Transgender individuals are people who do not identify themselves with the gender that was assigned at birth. The high-risk profile of being a transgender inmate in prison strikes for deep concern and something needs to be done. II. Purpose of paper Prison personnel have not been doing much to secure the safety and well-being of transgender inmates. Some even engage in theRead MoreTransgender Bedrooms And Transgender Bathrooms1028 Words   |  5 PagesTransgender Bathrooms Throughout the years, views of life have changed. Our laws have become more strict. Now they are trying to pass the transgender bathroom law.Why would this law need to pass? What people will it help? If the law does pass it isn’t going for very long, and it isn’t going to be a good thing. What do other people think about this law. If people really want the transgender bathroom law to pass, just maybe this will change that. Transgender bathrooms are dull and unsafe. What kindRead MoreTransgenders2381 Words   |  10 PagesDEFINITIONS According to Hagg and Fellows (2007:4), sex generally refers to anatomy and biology such as male or female, whereas gender refers to the qualities and behaviours society expects from a boy or girl, a man or woman. The definition of transgender refers to a person having no identification with, or no presentation as, the gender one was assigned at birth (Hagg and Fellows 2007:4). The definition of transsexual in Hagg and Fellows (2007:4) refers to a person who had undergone a sex changeRead MoreTransgender Rebuttal : On Being Transgender794 Words   |  4 PagesTransgender Rebuttal: Hello there, I’m James Warmbier. I have to disagree with your sectionalism essay on being transgender. I disagree with this because transgender people are human beings just like us. They should not be judged for what they do with their bodies. In my opinion, it’s just another form of racism. And this country has way too much of that already. Unfortunately, in your life, there will be a lot of things that creep you out. Just because something ‘creeps you out’, doesn’t meanRead MoreTransgender Orientation : The Transgender Community Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesThis Way There are many children throughout the United States that identify themselves as transgender. According to Webster’s Dictionary, the definition of transgender is (n.d.) â€Å"of, relating to, or being a person (as a transsexual or transvestite) who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person’s sex at birth† (sect. Definition of transgender). Basically, that definition translates to a person being born one gender, but identifyingRead MoreTransgender People Are Not Strangers To Society. Transgender948 Words   |  4 Pages Transgender people are not strangers to society. Transgender people have been around for thousands of years. Throughout the years, transgender people are getting more and more discriminated. Providing transgender people with discrimination protection is exceedingly important. Transgender people have the same right to feel comfortable just as cisgender, one who’s gender corresponds with his or her biological sex, people do. Transgender discrimination has been on the rise for many years, causingRead MoreThe Transgender Bathroom Policy For Transgender Students Essay1778 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious states because of the presidents judgement. The transgender bathroom policy allows transgender students to use the bathroom they identify as and not by the sex on their birth certificate (Fox News, 2016). The transgender bathroom policy has both successes and failure to ensure safety for transgender students resulting to its change being for not only trans-gender. Gender neutral bathrooms allows safety for those who are not only transgender, but also a part of the LGBTQ community, etc. but itRead MoreThe Transgender Community1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe transgender community should have the right to use the restroom of the gender they identity with or have an alternate choice, some people many agree that is would be a dangerous liability, but some people may even agree to proving gender neutral restrooms. In dangerous of a person of the opposite sex using the restroom they prefer are very obvious, but is every person out to cause dangerous to other people in the restroom. Some people’s gender evolves differently, and might not fit rigid traditionalRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 PagesA time-line of transgender identities.  © 1999 Drs. Arianne van der Ven Contents Summery 2 Introduction: The development of gender as we know it How does history relate to us? 3 From a one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 TheRead MoreEssay On Transgender In The Military1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the United States Government will not accept or allow transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. Military. Our military must be focused on decisive and overwhelming victory and cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender in the military would entail. Thank you. (@realDonaldTrump) Sparking a worldwide controversy, President Donald Trump reinstates the military ban on transgender individuals. On September 20, 2011, President Barack Obama